Wiki How A Septic Tank Functions?

A septic tank consists of one or more concrete or plastic tanks of between 4000 and 7500 litres (1,000 and 2,000 gallons); one end is connected to an inlet wastewater pipe and the other to a septic drain field. Wastewater enters the first chamber of the tank, allowing solids to settle and scum to float.A septic tank consists of one or more concrete or plastic tanks of between 4000 and 7500 litres (1,000 and 2,000 gallons); one end is connected to an inlet wastewater pipe and the other to a septic drain fieldseptic drain fieldThe drain field typically consists of an arrangement of trenches containing perforated pipes and porous material (often gravel) covered by a layer of soil to prevent animals (and surface runoff) from reaching the wastewater distributed within those trenches.https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Septic_drain_field

Septic drain field – Wikipedia

. Wastewater enters the first chamber of the tank, allowing solids to settle and scum to float.

How does a septic tank function?

Septic tank systems Septic tanks are often used in rural areas, campgrounds, and picnic areas in place of sewer systems to treat human waste and separate solids and liquids in wastewater. The liquid portion of the waste is disposed of through a drain field where natural filtering takes place in the soil.

How does a septic tank work simple?

How septic tanks work. Partially treated water from the tank flows via an outlet into the drainfield. This wastewater then percolates into the soil through small holes in the pipes. Microorganisms in the soil then remove any of the remaining harmful particles in the wastewater.

Where does human waste go from septic tank?

Maintenance of your septic tank is quick and simple and you can even do it yourself. Septic tanks carry sewage to a septic tank where good bacteria breaks down and filters waste, and it is sent to a sewage field. These reinforced square containers are found under the property grounds.

What is a septic system and how does it work?

Septic systems are underground wastewater treatment structures, commonly used in rural areas without centralized sewer systems. They use a combination of nature and proven technology to treat wastewater from household plumbing produced by bathrooms, kitchen drains, and laundry.

What are the signs that your septic tank is full?

Here are some of the most common warning signs that you have a full septic tank:

• Your Drains Are Taking Forever.
• Standing Water Over Your Septic Tank.
• Bad Smells Coming From Your Yard.
• You Hear Gurgling Water.
• You Have A Sewage Backup.
• How often should you empty your septic tank?

What is the function of two tanks provided in septic tank system?

What is the function of two tanks provided in septic tank systems? Explanation: Septic systems are commonly used to treat waste water. There might be one tank that combines all black and grey water or two tanks that divide the black and grey water.

How do you know if your septic system is working?

7 Warning Signs Your Septic System Is Failing

1. Gurgling Pipes. They would occur when you run water in the house (e.g. when using the sink or shower) or flush the toilet.
2. Bad Odours. It’s never a pleasant experience when this occurs.
3. Water At Ground Level.
4. Green Grass.
5. Slow Drainage.
6. Blocked Pipes.

What happens to the water in a septic tank?

When ground water inundates the septic tank, water will leak in through any opening such as the manhole cover, the inlet/outlet pipes or the tank cover and fill the tank with groundwater instead of waste water from the house. In addition, the high water table may saturate the drainfield.

Can I take a shower if my septic tank is full?

Only the water would get out into the leach field in a proper system unless you run too much water too fast. The thing to do is to run your shower water outside into it’s own drain area, but it may not be allowed where you are. Used to be called gray water system.

What to do after septic is pumped?

After you have had your septic tank pumped by a trusted septic company, there are some things you can and should do as the septic system owner.

1. 1) Get on a Schedule.
2. 2) Take Care of the System.
3. 3) Know the Parts of Your System.
4. 4) Check Other Possible Issues.

How do I clean my septic tank naturally?

You can mix about a 1/4 cup of baking soda with 1/2 cup of vinegar and 2 tablespoons lemon to make your own natural cleaning agent. The baking soda will fizz up to help get the dirt and grime in your tub and drains. It’s a great cleaner and your septic system will thank you!

What are the 3 types of septic systems?

Types of Septic Systems

• Septic Tank.
• Conventional System.
• Chamber System.
• Drip Distribution System.
• Aerobic Treatment Unit.
• Mound Systems.
• Recirculating Sand Filter System.
• Evapotranspiration System.

How often do you pump a septic tank?

Household septic tanks are typically pumped every three to five years. Alternative systems with electrical float switches, pumps, or mechanical components should be inspected more often, generally once a year.

How do you maintain a septic tank?

Do’s and Don’ts when maintaining your septic system

1. Regularly inspect and maintain your septic system.
2. Pump your septic tank as needed.
3. Keep your septic tank lids closed and secured.
4. Be water-wise.
5. Direct water from land and roof drains away from the drainfield.
6. Landscape with love.
7. Keep septic tank lids easily accessible.

How to Care for a Septic System

Article in PDF format Article in PDF format Your septic system must be properly maintained in order for your home’s plumbing system to continue to operate at peak performance. Fortunately, it is a rather simple process. By flowing water through your septic tank, you can locate it, check it, and ensure that it is in proper working order. Keep an eye on your sludge and scum levels to make sure they don’t get to dangerous levels. Every few years, you should have your system pumped out by a qualified technician.

1. Article in PDF Format Article in PDF Format Your septic system must be properly maintained in order for your home’s plumbing system to continue to function properly. However, it is pretty simple to accomplish. Running water through your septic tank can help you locate it, check it, and ensure that it is in proper working order. Keep an eye on your sludge and scum levels to make sure they don’t get to dangerous levels. An expert must pump your system every few years to ensure that it is in peak operating condition. Maintaining your septic system and extending its longevity may also be accomplished via the application of healthy behaviors.

• Determine the location of a pipe that you are certain is a drain, such as a pipe that comes from the toilet or a sink, then follow that it until it joins to a bigger pipe. Your sewage pipe is the largest of the two pipes. Having found the position of your septic tank, you should make a map of its location so that you can easily locate it in the future. Septic tanks are typically located at least 15 feet (4.6 meters) away from your home.

• 2 Remove the dirt that has accumulated on the top of your tank. If your tank is buried underground, you’ll need to dig a hole through the top of it in order to check and get access to the tank. Remove enough dirt off the tank’s top and the manhole using a shovel to allow you to look through it.

• When digging, take care not to damage the septic system by driving the shovel blade into it. Allowing only enough space to check the tank so that it may be buried again after you’re through so that it isn’t visible

• Advertisement
• s3 Check the septic tank for cracks or other signs of deterioration. When you open the top of the tank, make sure to glance over the top of it. Check the tank for evidence of deterioration such as rust, dents, fractures, or any other visible symptoms of wear and tear. An assessment and, if necessary, repairs from a septic tank professional will be required for serious damage.

• The presence of significant corrosion and rust may indicate that it is time to replace your tank.

• 4 Flush a toilet to ensure that the tank is functioning correctly. 5. By simply flowing water through the connections in your plumbing system, you can determine whether or not your plumbing is functioning properly and reaching the septic tank. Place yourself near the tank, have someone flush a toilet, and listen for the sound of water moving to the tank
• Or

• Water bubbling through the ground or a fracture in the system indicate that your tank needs to be repaired by a septic tank professional.

1. To ensure that the water is reaching the tank properly if you do not have another person to flush a toilet while you are standing near the tank, turn on a faucet and then go outside to the tank. Advertisement

1. 1 Cut a 10 ft (3.0 m) PVC pipe in half lengthwise, removing 6 inches (15 cm). In order to test the quantity of scum in your septic system, you will need to construct a measuring stick out of PVC pipe first. Small sections of pipe can be cut away from a larger pipe using either an electric saw or pipe cutter.

• It is quite inexpensive and can be obtained at home improvement stores and on the internet
• PVC pipe If required, use sandpaper to smooth the edges of the pipe that has been cut
• The pipe should be cut equally in order to generate a straight edge that can be inserted into an elbow joint.

• With an elbow junction, attach the smaller segment to the larger pipe with hot glue. Insert the smaller part into a PVC elbow joint once it has been cut to size. On seal the pipe and joint together, apply adhesive to both surfaces. Then, slide the bigger pipe into the connection and use glue to secure the two pieces together.

• It is possible to obtain elbow joints that will suit your PVC pipes at your local hardware or home improvement store. Superglue should be used, and there should be enough to form a tight seal.

• 3 Attach plastic covers to the ends of the pipe on both sides. Using plastic caps that are meant to fit over PVC pipes, seal both ends of the “L” shaped pipe to prevent leakage. They should be able to snap securely into place in order to form a seal.

• Plastic caps for PVC pipes may be found at hardware and home improvement stores, as well as on the internet.

• 4 Insert the pipe until it comes into touch with the scum in the septic system. In order to determine the depth of the scum in your tank, you must measure two levels. Fill your tank with liquid and insert the short end of the “L” shaped pipe into the manhole until the short end makes contact with the top of the liquid. Make sure the long side of the pipe is sticking straight up. This is the uppermost layer of the scum layer.

• If you want an exact measurement, you should let the pipe float on the surface of the water.

• 5 Place the pipe against the opening of the manhole to ensure that it does not move while in use. Mark the pipe at the top of the manhole with a marker to indicate its location. To take your initial measurement, mark the pipe so that it is level with the top of the manhole, which will serve as a reference point. In order for the pipe to be floating on top of the scum layer, it must:

• Take care to ensure that the line you draw is straight and even. In order to make it more visible against the white PVC tubing, use a black marker.

• 6 Push the pipe through the scum then mark it again. After you’ve taken your measurement of the top layer of the scum, push the pipe down through the scum until it contacts the bottom of the dense layer of scum and reaches the wastewater layer. Then mark the pipe where it’s even with the top of the manhole

• Continue to hold the pipe stationary while pressing it against the bottom of the tank to ensure that it does not move after the marking is done. This layer will have significantly less resistance and will indicate that the bottom of the scum layer has been reached.

• 7 To determine the depth of the scum, measure the distance between the markings. Remove the pipe from the septic tank and place it somewhere safe. To determine the distance between the two markings, use a ruler or tape measure to measure the distance. In your tank, this represents the depth of the scum. You should get your tank pumped if the scum layer has grown to near 6 inches (15 cm) of either or both the bottom of the exit baffle or the pipe visible through the entrance of the manhole.

• Keep track of your measurements so you can refer back to them later and share them with a professional sewer-system contractor if required.

1. 1 Make use of a 10-foot (3-meter) length of PVC pipe with caps on both ends. A clean PVC pipe may be used to construct a pipe that will be used to measure the amount of sludge present in your tank. Place plastic covers on both ends of the pipe to ensure that it is completely airtight.

• PVC pipes and plastic caps may be purchased at hardware stores and on the internet. Make certain that the plastic tops are properly snapped into place.

• 2 Tie a white cloth around one end of the pipe to secure it. You’ll need a white cloth or towel to use to measure your sludge level so that you can readily see the stain markings that the sludge will leave behind on the cloth or towel. Tie a towel around one end of the pipe and then wrap tape over it to make sure it is tight and secure

• The tape may be any sort you choose to use, but make sure you use enough to hold the fabric to the pipe.

• 3 Push the pipe all the way down into the septic tank. 4 If you have recently measured the scum layer, just insert the pipe through the hole in the scum layer to confirm the measurement. Push the pipe all the way down to the bottom of the tank and secure it in place with a rubber band

• For an accurate measurement, it is critical that you keep the pipe completely steady.

• 4Allow the pipe to rest for 3 minutes before using it. Maintain constant pressure on the pipe until the sludge layer resettles and colors the cloth at the end of the pipe. Wait at least 3 minutes to enable the sludge to stain the material in a noticeable way on the cloth. Set a timer to allow you to concentrate on maintaining the pipe’s stillness. 5 Remove the pipe and use a measuring tape to record the stain’s measurement. After 3 minutes, carefully remove the pipe and place it on the ground. The depth of your sludge layer may be determined by using a ruler or tape measure to measure the stain on your towel. It is necessary to pump your tank if the sludge layer has grown to within 12 inches (30 cm) of the exit baffle.

• Record your measurements so that you can keep track of them later on.

1. 1 Have your septic system pumped every three years. The normal household’s septic system should be pumped out once every few years to ensure that it is in proper working order at all times. If the levels of sludge or scum in your tank become too high, you may need to have your tank drained sooner rather than later.

• When using an alternate method that includes electrical float switches or mechanical components, get your tank examined at least once each year. It is important to have your system cleaned as soon as possible if your sludge or scum levels are too high.

• 2 Make contact with a septic tank professional to have your tank pumped out. Septic tank pumping should be performed by a professional septic tank specialist who is equipped with the necessary equipment and training to do the job correctly. Look for qualified septic tank specialists in your area by searching online.

• Arrange an appointment for a time when you’ll be available to see them pump your tank to ensure that everything is done correctly

• Before hiring a firm, read internet reviews about them to ensure that you are working with high-quality personnel. 3 Provide the professional with any measurements that you’ve taken yourself. You should submit any measurements you took yourself to the septic tank specialist who will use them to determine the level of sludge and scum in your system. They could be able to assist them when they pump the septic system.

• If you want to make sure they’re being honest, you might compare your measurements to theirs as well.

• 4 Keep detailed records of any work done on your septic system, including cleaning and repairs. Keep records of any professional work done on or pumping your septic system in a safe location at all times. They can be useful in the future if you need to verify the work that has been done or if your septic tank has been damaged.

• Make sure to put your documents in a file cabinet so that you know where they are

1. 1 Reduce water use by installing high-efficiency toilets. Up to 30% of your household’s water use might be attributed to toilet flushing. Older toilets use far more water to operate, and this additional water eventually makes its way into your septic system, causing damage and wear. Make sure to replace your old toilets with high-efficiency toilets in order to extend the life of your septic tank.

• Hire a licensed plumber to install your toilet to ensure that it is done correctly.

• 2 Use water-saving showerheads to save water. Showerheads with high water efficiency and flow restrictors will assist you in reducing the quantity of water you use in the shower. The reduction in the volume of water entering the tank will maintain your septic system in better condition for a longer period of time.

• Showerheads with minimal water consumption are available for free in some areas. Check with your local government or go online to see if there is a program available in your area.

• Showerheads with reduced flow rates are available for free in some areas. See whether there is a program near you by contacting your local government or looking online.

• Make use of a container that can be closed tightly to prevent grease from leaking out
• If at all possible, substitute vegetable-based soaps with animal-fat-based soaps in your home.

Create a new question

• Question What might cause a septic system to fail? David Balkan is a writer who lives in New York City. A professional plumber and the CEO of Balkan Sewer and Water Main David Balkan is a licensed professional plumber who also serves as the CEO of Balkan Sewer and Water Main Service and the President of Balkan Sewer and Drain Cleaning, among other positions. With over 40 years of experience as an active owner of these businesses, David is well-versed in the challenges that arise with water service lines, sewers, and drain lines. David has served on the Executive Committee of the Sub Surface Plumbers Association of New York for more than 30 years and is now the Chairman of the Master Plumbers Council’s Committee on Plumbing. As a result of his expertise and solution-oriented approach, Balkan Sewer and Water Main Service has grown to become the biggest and most trusted sewer and water main service in New York City, and the recipient of the 2017 Angie’s List Super Service Award. Plumber with over 20 years of experienceCEO of Balkan SewerWater MainExpert Answer Grease will undoubtedly cause damage to your septic system. It will cover both the outside of your pipes and the inside of your septic tank, making it impossible for your tank to effectively drain water into the earth
• Question What kind of soap is safe to use in septic tanks? David Balkan is a writer who lives in New York City. A professional plumber and the CEO of Balkan Sewer and Water Main David Balkan is a licensed professional plumber who also serves as the CEO of Balkan Sewer and Water Main Service and the President of Balkan Sewer and Drain Cleaning, among other positions. With over 40 years of experience as an active owner of these businesses, David is well-versed in the challenges that arise with water service lines, sewers, and drain lines. David has served on the Executive Committee of the Sub Surface Plumbers Association of New York for more than 30 years and is now the Chairman of the Master Plumbers Council’s Committee on Plumbing. As a result of his expertise and solution-oriented approach, Balkan Sewer and Water Main Service has grown to become the biggest and most trusted service provider in New York City, earning the 2017 Angie’s List Super Service Award.Professional PlumberCEO of Balkan SewerWater MainExpert Answer The greatest choice for maintaining your septic system in good operating order is to use soap made from vegetables. If at all possible, use vegetable-based soaps over animal-based soaps. Question Is it possible that using vinegar to wash clothing can cause an issue for septic tanks? No, vinegar will not cause damage to your septic tank. Question What is causing the water to stop flowing out of my septic tank? One of three things is wrong: either there isn’t enough water going into the tank to raise the water level high enough for it to exit through the outlet pipe
• There is a crack in the bottom or side of the tank and wastewater is seeping out, preventing the water level from rising
• Or the outlet pipe is completely clogged. The best course of action is to have a qualified plumber evaluate the system and ensure that everything is operating securely. Question What is the best way to clean the toilet bowl when using a septic system? Choose between pre-packaged items from the store that have the septic safe label on them and a natural mixture of bicarbonate powder and vinegar to clean your toilet. Maintain as much of a natural appearance as possible to prevent destroying the beneficial bacteria in the tank
• Question When I get out of the shower, there is an unpleasant septic stench. Is this normal? There is a dip in the drain that should constantly be filled with water in order to form a seal between the shower and your septic tank, preventing gas from leaking back into your home. It is possible that the gas may leak or that the system will not function correctly, allowing the gas to enter the house and cause the stench. Question What is the location of the septic tank lid? Locate the front of the tank – the front of the tank is where the intake from the house enters the tank. Using a probe, locate the front edge of the tank as well as both sides of the tank. When looking at the tank from the front, the lid should be around 12-16″ (boot length) in. Question Was there anything in particular that caused the stink to emanate from the toilet, and how can I get rid of it? Observe the smell surrounding the toilet’s base. If it is originating from that location and a wax ring was used, it is possible that the ring has degraded. Also, make certain that there is enough water in the bowl to prevent the trap from closing. Question A three-bedroom house with a new septic system will cost about how much to install? $6000
• Question What is the best way to remove scum from a septic system? Remove the manhole cover and dispose of it after using a shovel to scoop out the scum (or a brush to scrape it off).

More information can be found in the following answers: Inquire about something There are 200 characters remaining. Include your email address so that you may be notified when this question has been resolved. SubmitAdvertisement

Things You’ll Need

• The following materials: a 10 ft (3.0 m) PVC pipe, an elbow joint, plastic caps, adhesive, a marker, superglue, a ruler or a tape measure

• A PVC pipe measuring 10 feet (3.0 m)
• A roll of tape
• A white towel or rag
• A ruler or a measuring tape

About This Article

Summary of the Article Extend your laundry across two or more days to give your septic tank time to heal in between loads of laundry to properly care for your septic system. If you have a garbage disposal, use it only when absolutely necessary to avoid clogging the drain fields. Pour 1 liter of sour buttermilk down the toilet every few months to provide beneficial bacteria to the tank and help it to break up waste. It is also recommended that you have your tank pumped by specialists every 2 to 3 years for a family of 4, and every 4 to 5 years for a family of 2, to avoid the accumulation of sludge in the tank.

Did you find this overview to be helpful?

Did this article help you?

Documentation Download Documentation Download Documentation There are two main sections to most private septic systems: the holding and digesting tanks, and the dispersion field or leach field. As the liquid waste in the first holding tank fills up, it will be transferred to the second holding tank. Once the second tank is completely filled with liquid, the liquid will dissipate into the earth underneath it. The system displayed here is a modest system that is intended for limited use by two persons who do not need to do laundry.

When compared to a conventional house septic system, this system employs two 55 US gallon (210 L) drums, rather than the 1,000–2,000 US gallon (3,800–7,600 L) tanks that are utilized in a standard home septic system.

Property owners considering installing a system similar to this one should be advised that this system would fail inspections by any public health department in the United States, and that the owner may be liable to a fine if the system was discovered in operation by a health official.

Toilets that conserve water nowadays utilize less than two litres of water every flush. This system is capable of handling such a load. It might be a lifeline for those who live in areas where septic treatment is not available.

Part 1 of 3: Cutting the Tanks

1. 1Cut a hole in the center of the top of each drum that is the same size as the outer measurement of the toilet flange. Take the outside diameter of the toilet flange that you’re using and multiply it by two. Place the hole close to the edge of the drum so that you may simply connect them to pipes in the near future. Cut the drums using a saber saw to make them lighter
2. 2 Each hole should be capped with a 4 in (10 cm) toilet flange. Push the flanges into the top of each tank until they are flush with the surface. As soon as the flanges are in position, tighten them down so they don’t move or shift once they are in place. Advertisement
3. s3 Cut a hole in the first drum that is 4 in (10 cm) in diameter on the opposite side of the drum from the hole in the top. Placing the hole approximately 4–5 inches (10–13 cm) below the top of the drum and ensuring that it lines up with the hole on the top of the tank are the most important steps. 4 Make a hole in the wall with a saber saw or a hole saw. Cut two holes in the side of the drum at 45-degree angles to the center of the hole on the top, one on each side of the drum. The center line is the line that runs through the middle of the hole on the top of the drum. Make 45-degree angles from either side of the centerline, then mark them on the second drum using a permanent marker. Make your holes in the barrel by cutting through the side with a saber or a hole saw and drilling them out. Advertisement

Part 2 of 3: Placing the Tanks Underground

1. 1 Dig a trench that is 4 ft 26 ft 3 ft (1.22 m 7.92 m 0.91 m) in length and width. Excavator or shovel are both good options for digging a hole in the ground where you wish to put your tank. Continue excavating until the hole measures 4 feet (1.2 m) in width, 26 feet (7.9 m) in length, and 3 feet (0.91 m) in depth.

• Excavators for excavating are often available for hire from a heavy machinery supply company. Look for equipment rentals on the internet

1. 2Place the drum at the end of the trench, with one side hole drilled in it. When you place the drum on the floor, make sure it is level. Check to see sure the drum’s top is at least 4 inches (10 cm) below the surface of the water. 3 Dig a hole that is one foot (30 cm) deeper than the first to accommodate the positioning of the second drum in front of the first. In order to ensure a tight fit and prevent the drum from shifting, make your hole the same diameter as the drum you’re inserting in it. 4 The hole should be leveled with gravel until a 90-degree curve can be made to connect the top drum’s hole on one side to the toilet flange on the other. Check the alignment of the holes in the 90-degree bend between the two drums by dry fitting it between the two drums. If you need to improve the alignment of the pipe line, dig the hole a little deeper. 5 To make the bend, cut 31 2in (8.9 cm) pieces of ABS pipe and adhere them to the bend with epoxy or hot glue. With a hacksaw, cut the ABSpipe parts, also known as nipples. 6 Insert the pieces into the bend and hold them in place using PVC adhesive. Check the fit between the two drums to ensure that they are in alignment. Insert the end of the 21 2in (6.4 cm) nipple into the side hole of the first drum and tighten the nut. 7Glue the end of the 31 2in (8.9 cm) nipple into the toilet flange on the second tank, making sure that the nipple on the other end aligns with the hole on the top of the second drum. To hold the bent in place, apply PVC adhesive to the inside of the curve. Don’t be concerned about the link to the first drum just yet
2. You’ll make that connection later. 8. Glue a Y-bend to a 31 2in (8.9 cm) nipple, and then bend the angled piece of the Y-bend at a 45-degree angle. Using your PVC adhesive, attach a nipple to the end of the Y-bend and let it dry. Assemble the Y-bend and align the angled pipe on it so it meets the incoming waste line, then glue it onto the toilet flange. 9 21 2in (6.4 cm) nipples are cut and glued to one end of the 45-degree bends at the bottom of the lower drum, and they are then inserted into the side of the lower drum. Directional bends are defined as those that are perpendicular to the bottom of the trench at their ends. Advertisement

Part 3 of 3: Connecting the Drain Pipes

1. Put a stake into the ground and level it with the bottom of each of the 45-degree bends. 2Put a stake into the ground and level it with the top of the 45-degree bends. It doesn’t matter what sort of stakes you use since they all work. Use a mallet or hammer to pound the stakes into the ground. Attach a one-inch-wide block to the end of a four-foot-long (1.2-meter-long) level using duct tape. This will assist you in ensuring that you create sloped drain pipes so that your tanks can empty
2. 3Place another stake approximately 37 8ft (1.2 m) down the trench from the first one
3. 4Place another stake approximately 37 8ft (1.2 m) down the trench from the first one
4. 5Place another stake approximately 37 8ft (1.2 m) down the trench from the first one. Drive the stake down until it is the same height as the first one using your hammer or mallet
5. 4 Place the end of the level without the block on the first stake and the block on the second stake to complete the level without the block. Continue to pound the second stake into the ground until the level is balanced. 1 inch (2.5 cm) lower than the previous post, or 1 inch (0.64 cm) lower per 1 foot (30 cm)
6. 5Repeat this method until you have stakes running the whole length of the trench
7. Continue to place stakes down the rest of the trench every 37 8feet (1.2 m) from the last one, ensuring that the stakes slope away from the drums
8. 6Place gravel in the trench until the top of the gravel is level with the top of the stakes
9. 7Place gravel in the trench until the top of the gravel is level with the top of the stakes The gravel will now slope away from the drums at a rate of 1 4 inch (0.64 cm) per 1 foot (30 cm) of horizontal distance
10. 7Place 20 ft (6.1 m) of perforated drain pipe into each hole on the second drum
11. 8Place 20 ft (6.1 m) of perforated drain pipe into each hole on the third drum
12. 9Place 20 ft (6.1 m) of perforated drain pipe into each hole on the fourth drum
13. 10P Insert the ends of the drain pipes into the 45-degree bends on the lower drum to complete the installation. 9Make certain that the perforations in the pipes are facing down so that liquids may soak back into the earth
14. 8checking the pipes with a level to ensure that the 1 4in (0.64 cm) slope is consistent throughout the length of the pipe. Fill up any gaps in the slope by adding or removing gravel under the pipe. Seal the 45-degree and 90-degree bends that connect the lower and top drums, respectively, with silicone. For the greatest seal possible on your drain pipes, use a two-part epoxy or silicone caulk. For this purpose, consider utilizing flex pipe, which will yield a little bit if the ground changes. Tenth, fill the lower drum halfway with water to keep it from collapsing under the weight of all the gravel. Place the remaining gravel over the trench and into the bottom drum, covering it completely. 11Lay landscape fabric over the top of the gravel. As a result, the dirt will not be able to seep into the gravel and you will be able to keep proper drainage on your tanks
15. 12Fill the remaining trench area with soil, compacting it to the original grade. When you have finished filling up the area with your dirt, check to see that the ground is level. 13Fill the upper drum with water, leaving the top pipe from the first tank exposed so that you can readily reach the tanks if you need to drain them later. 14Fill the lower drum with water. Fill the top drum with water and pour it directly down the exposed pipes on the bottom drum. Continue filling the drum until it is completely filled, then secure the top with a cap to keep out the elements. Advertisement

Community Q A

Create a new question

• Question What is considered a low level of use? Low consumption is defined as less than 125 gallons per day. Question Was the ‘y’ elbow on the first tank’s tank for any particular reason? Is it left open or sealed when it has been completed? Isn’t it going to stink if it’s left open? The clean out requires a threaded cap or plug, which is provided. Question What kind of water do you use to fill it? “Fill” is the most important term here. Continue to fill the drum with water until the level does not rise any more
• Question Suppose I neglected to attach a slip coupler to the perforated pipe and only had 10 feet of it. Is it still possible to use this? Yes, however you will need to raise the depth of the field in order to get the same cubic feet of capacity
• Nevertheless Question What is the best way to find out if something is legal in my state? This is a quick and easy approach that is unlikely to be appropriate for long-term usage in the majority of states. It is possible that the property owner and/or the installation will be penalized if this is uncovered. Question Is it possible to utilize two or three 275-gallon water totes instead, or a water tote and barrel combination? It doesn’t matter either direction you go. It’s best to utilize a single tote and a barrel as a digestion tank and a distribution box if you have only one tote. Question What is the purpose of filling the higher barrel with water? You fill the top barrel with water so that when sewage waste is introduced into the barrel, it flows into a sufficient amount of water to initiate the anaerobic digestion process. Question What is the best way to clean up this system? If there is enough bacteria in it, it will clean itself with minimal effort. If it starts to fill up, you may call a septic service to have it emptied
• If it doesn’t, you can do it yourself. Question What is the correct grade slope of the drain field for every ten feet of length of the drain field? It is possible for the field’s bottom to be level. When running away from the drums, the pipe system should be sloped at 2 percent, or 2.5 inches every 10 feet. Question Is it possible for this system to freeze in the winter? And might I use antifreeze in the mix as well? Antifreeze will destroy the beneficial bacteria that are required for the process to function properly. The process is biological, and it will generate some of its own heat as part of the process. It’s always possible to dig a little deeper to gain a little extra insulation above it.

More information on the replies Inquire about something There are 200 characters remaining. Include your email address so that you may be notified when this question has been resolved. SubmitAdvertisement

VideoBy using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube.

• The horizontal side of the “Y” links to the waste source, and it should be fitted with a connector that is compatible with the source supply line
• Instead of using a 90° elbow, you should join two of them together to produce a U-shaped connection. In this manner, the end that is in the first barrel will be pointed towards the bottom of the tank, rather than the top. This should be reinforced with a short segment of straight pipe that is several inches deeper towards the bottom. Solids either float or sink depending on their density. They don’t seem to congregate in the middle. As a result, only the broken down liquid waste makes it to the second tank, and the solids are never seen again. The same procedure should be followed for each of the drainage pipes that originate from the second barrel. Just to be completely certain that no solids find their way into the global drain field, the waste is dumped into the first tank, with the solids settling to the bottom of the first tank. Whenever the liquid level exceeds the outfall to the second tank, it is drained into the tank below it. If there are any solids present, they will sink to the bottom. Whenever the liquid from the second tank reaches one of the two outfalls, it is transported to the gravel leaching field for dispersion. Over time, the vast majority of the solids will liquefy and disperse. Solids may accumulate at the top of the tank after many years, necessitating the removal of the solids. Thirty percent of the waste is absorbed into the earth, with the remaining seventy percent being dissipated by sunshine. It is important not to compress the soil since this would interfere with the evaporation process
• The vertical side of the “Y” will be used to pump out the tank after it is entirely filled with solids
• The depth of the trench should be proportional to the depth of the waste source line. If the line is deeper or higher than the one depicted, you will need to dig the trench deeper or shallower to suit the new line depth or height. It’s not that difficult to find out. In the event that you have a septic system that is too shallow, it may be more susceptible to damage. After a period, you may discover that the ground has sunk below the trench’s location. Fill it in with extra dirt and compact it
• It is assumed that you are familiar with working with ABS plastic pipe. In addition, you must have the necessary tools to dig the trench (or be ready to put in a lot of effort).

Send in a Suggestion All tip entries are thoroughly scrutinized before being published on this website. Thank you for submitting a suggestion for consideration! Advertisement

Warnings

• This is a system with a relatively limited capacity. This is not intended to suit the demands of a big family or group of people. It is intended for use with a modest travel trailer and two individuals. In order to extend the life of this little septic system, it is recommended that you do not place anything else in it but water, trash, and toilet paper. You may have to pump the upper drum once or twice a year if you don’t do so. During the course of five years, the system depicted here will only require pumping twice. Do not drive through the area where the drums are located. When establishing a septic system, make sure to adhere to all applicable municipal regulations. It is against the law to establish a septic system without first obtaining a permission. In the permission, you can find information on the local regulations for installing a septic system. You should avoid situating a septic system too close to trees since tree roots will grow into your lines, block them, and eventually cause damage to your system.

As you can see, this system has a very limited capacity. Obviously, this is not intended to accommodate the demands of a big family. It is intended for use by two people and a small travel trailer. Only water, human waste, and toilet paper should be placed in the septic system in order to extend the life of this tiny system. The upper drum will probably need to be pumped around once a year in any case. During the course of five years, the system illustrated here will only require pumping twice.

Septic system construction should be done in accordance with local regulations.

Septic system installation will be covered in full by the permit, which will outline the local regulations.

Things You’ll Need

• 3/4 or 1 1/2 crushed rock or blue metal
• 80 square feet (7.4 m 2) of landscaping fabric
• 9 cubic yards (6.9 m3) of 3/4 or 1 1/2 crushed rock or blue metal 55 US gal (210 L) plastic drums
• 10 feet (3.0 m) of ABS plastic pipe with a diameter of 4 in (10 cm)
• 4 in (10 cm) ABS 90-degree bend
• 4 in (10 cm) ABS Y-bend
• 3 ABS 45-degree bends with sizes of 4 in (10 cm)
• 2 55 US gal (210 L) plastic drums A total of 40 feet (12 meters) of 4 inch (10 cm) perforated drain pipe
• Two 4 inch (10 cm) diameter drain pipe couplers
• And two toilet flanges with 4 inch (10 cm) diameters are included. PVC glue, two-part epoxy or silicone sealant, a level, and ten wood stakes are all required. 1 in (2.5 cm) thick wood block
• Duct tape
• 4 in (10 cm) ABS detachable cap
• 1 in (2.5 cm) thick wood block

About This Article

wikiHow Staff Writer contributed to this article. This article was written in part by members of the wikiHow Staff. Our highly skilled staff of editors and researchers checks articles for correctness and completeness before publishing them. The work of our editorial staff is regularly monitored by wikiHow’sContent Management Team to ensure that each article is supported by reliable research and fulfills our high quality standards. It has been seen 2,330,388 times since it was published. Co-authors:53 The most recent update was made on January 15, 2022.

Did this article help you?

Underground wastewater treatment facilities, known as septic systems, are often employed in rural regions where there are no centralized sewage lines. They clean wastewater from residential plumbing, such as that produced by bathrooms, kitchen drains, and laundry, by combining natural processes with well-established technology. A conventional septic system is comprised of two components: a septic tank and a drainfield, often known as a soil absorption field. It is the septic tank’s job to decompose organic matter and to remove floatable stuff (such as oils and grease) and solids from wastewater.

Alternate treatment systems rely on pumps or gravity to assist septic tank effluent in trickling through a variety of media such as sand, organic matter (e.g., peat and sawdust), constructed wetlands, or other media to remove or neutralize pollutants such as pathogens that cause disease, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other contaminants.

Prior to discharging wastewater into the environment, several alternative systems are designed to evaporate or disinfect the effluent.

Specifically, this is how a typical conventional septic system works:

1. All of the water that leaves your home drains down a single main drainage pipe and into a septic tank. An underground, water-tight container, often composed of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene, serves as a septic system’s holding tank. Its function is to retain wastewater for a long enough period of time to allow particles to sink to the bottom and form sludge, while oil and grease float to the surface and produce scum. Sludge and scum are prevented from exiting the tank and moving into the drainfield region by compartments and a T-shaped outlet. After that, the liquid wastewater (effluent) exits the tank and flows into the drainfield. The drainfield is a shallow, covered hole dug in unsaturated soil that serves as a drainage system. Porous surfaces are used to release pretreated wastewater because they allow the wastewater to pass through the soil and into the groundwater. In the process of percolating through the soil, wastewater is accepted, treated, and dispersed by the soil, finally discharging into groundwater. Finally, if the drainfield becomes overburdened with too much liquid, it can flood, causing sewage to flow to the ground surface or resulting in toilet backups and sink backups. Finally, wastewater percolates into the soil, where it is naturally removed of harmful coliform bacteria, viruses, and nutrients. Coliform bacteria are a kind of bacteria that may be found in the intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals, with humans being the most common host. As a result of human fecal contamination, it is a sign of this.

The Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority has built an animated, interactive model of how a residential septic system works, which you can view here.

Do you have a septic system?

It’s possible that you’re already aware that you have a septic system. If you are not sure, here are some tell-tale symptoms that you most likely are:

• You make use of well water. In your home, the water pipe that brings water into the house does not have a meter. In the case of a water bill or a property tax bill, you will see “$0.00 Sewer Amount Charged.” It is possible that your neighbors have a septic system

How to find your septic system

You can locate your septic system once you have confirmed that you have one by following these steps:

• Taking a look at the “as constructed” drawing of your house
• Making a visual inspection of your yard for lids and manhole covers
• Getting in touch with a septic system service provider for assistance in locating it

Failure symptoms: Mind the signs!

A bad odor is not necessarily the first indicator of a septic system that is failing to work properly. Any of the following signs should prompt you to seek expert assistance:

• Water backing up into the drains of homes and businesses
• It is especially noticeable in dry weather that the drainfield grass is bright green and spongy. The presence of standing water or muddy soil near your septic system or in your basement
• A strong stench emanating from the area surrounding the septic tank and drainfield

Types of Septic Systems

Septic system design and size can differ significantly from one neighborhood to the next, as well as throughout the country, due to a variety of variables. Household size, soil type, slope of the site, lot size, closeness to sensitive water bodies, weather conditions, and even municipal ordinances are all considerations to take into consideration. The following are 10 of the most often encountered septic system configurations. It should be noted that this is not an exhaustive list; there are several additional types of septic systems.

• Septic Tank, Conventional System, Chamber System, Drip Distribution System, Aerobic Treatment Unit, Mound Systems, Recirculating Sand Filter System, Evapotranspiration System, Constructed Wetland System, Cluster / Community System, etc.

Septic Tank

This tank is underground and waterproof, and it was designed and built specifically for receiving and partially treating raw home sanitary wastewater. Generally speaking, heavy materials settle at or near the bottom of the tank, whereas greases and lighter solids float to the surface. The sediments are retained in the tank, while the wastewater is sent to the drainfield for further treatment and dispersion once it has been treated.

Conventional System

Septic tanks and trench or bed subsurface wastewater infiltration systems are two types of decentralized wastewater treatment systems (drainfield). When it comes to single-family homes and small businesses, a traditional septic system is the most common type of system. For decades, people have used a gravel/stone drainfield as a method of water drainage. The term is derived from the process of constructing the drainfield. A short underground trench made of stone or gravel collects wastewater from the septic tank in this configuration, which is commonly used.

Effluent filters through the stone and is further cleaned by microorganisms once it reaches the soil below the gravel/stone trench, which is located below the trench.

Chamber System

Gravelless drainfields have been regularly utilized in various states for more than 30 years and have evolved into a standard technology that has mostly replaced gravel systems. Various configurations are possible, including open-bottom chambers, pipe that has been clothed, and synthetic materials such as expanded polystyrene media. Gravelless systems can be constructed entirely of recycled materials, resulting in considerable reductions in carbon dioxide emissions during their lifetime. The chamber system is a type of gravelless system that can be used as an example.

The key advantage of the chamber system is the enhanced simplicity with which it can be delivered and built.

This sort of system is made up of a number of chambers that are connected to one another.

Wastewater is transported from the septic tank to the chambers through pipes. The wastewater comes into touch with the earth when it is contained within the chambers. The wastewater is treated by microbes that live on or near the soil.

Drip Distribution System

An effluent dispersal system such as the drip distribution system may be employed in a variety of drainfield configurations and is very versatile. In comparison to other distribution systems, the drip distribution system does not require a vast mound of dirt because the drip laterals are only placed into the top 6 to 12 inches of soil. In addition to requiring a big dosage tank after the sewage treatment plant to handle scheduled dose delivery of wastewater to drip absorption areas, the drip distribution system has one major disadvantage: it is more expensive.

Aerobic Treatment Unit

Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs) are small-scale wastewater treatment facilities that employ many of the same procedures as a municipal sewage plant. An aerobic system adds oxygen to the treatment tank using a pump. When there is an increase in oxygen in the system, there is an increase in natural bacterial activity, which then offers extra treatment for nutrients in the effluent. It is possible that certain aerobic systems may additionally include a pretreatment tank as well as a final treatment tank that will include disinfection in order to further lower pathogen levels.

ATUs should be maintained on a regular basis during their service life.

Mound Systems

Using mound systems in regions with short soil depth, high groundwater levels, or shallow bedrock might be a good alternative. A drainfield trench has been dug through the sand mound that was erected. The effluent from the septic tank runs into a pump chamber, where it is pumped to the mound in the amounts recommended. During its release to the trench, the effluent filters through the sand and is dispersed into the native soil, where it continues to be treated. However, while mound systems can be an effective solution for some soil conditions, they demand a significant amount of land and require regular care.

Recirculating Sand Filter System

Sand filter systems can be built either above or below ground, depending on the use. The effluent is discharged from the septic tank into a pump compartment. Afterwards, it is pushed into the sand filter. The sand filter is often made of PVC or a concrete box that is filled with a sand-like substance. The effluent is pushed through the pipes at the top of the filter under low pressure to the drain. As the effluent exits the pipelines, it is treated as it passes through the sand filtering system.

However, sand filters are more costly than a standard septic system because they provide a higher level of nutrient treatment and are thus better suited for areas with high water tables or that are adjacent to bodies of water.

Evapotranspiration System

Evaporative cooling systems feature drainfields that are one-of-a-kind. It is necessary to line the drainfield at the base of the evapotranspiration system with a waterproof material. Following the entry of the effluent into the drainfield, it evaporates into the atmosphere. At the same time, the sewage never filters into the soil and never enters groundwater, unlike other septic system designs. It is only in particular climatic circumstances that evapotranspiration systems are effective. The environment must be desert, with plenty of heat and sunshine, and no precipitation.

Constructed Wetland System

Construction of a manufactured wetland is intended to simulate the treatment processes that occur in natural wetland areas. Wastewater goes from the septic tank and into the wetland cell, where it is treated. Afterwards, the wastewater goes into the media, where it is cleaned by microorganisms, plants, and other media that eliminate pathogens and nutrients. Typically, a wetland cell is constructed with an impermeable liner, gravel and sand fill, and the necessary wetland plants, all of which must be capable of withstanding the constant saturation of the surrounding environment.

As wastewater travels through the wetland, it may escape the wetland and flow onto a drainfield, where it will undergo more wastewater treatment before being absorbed into the soil by bacteria.

Cluster / Community System

In certain cases, a decentralized wastewater treatment system is owned by a group of people and is responsible for collecting wastewater from two or more residences or buildings and transporting it to a treatment and dispersal system placed on a suitable location near the dwellings or buildings. Cluster systems are widespread in settings like rural subdivisions, where they may be found in large numbers.

Septic Tank Treatments – Wiki

Septic tank treatment is covered in detail in the next section. Since the invention of the septic tank, cesspool, and drain field or leach field, which dates back to the mid-1800s, there has been a lot of progress. Septic system treatments have been a source of debate in the business since the 1800s, when they were attributed to the French property owner John Mouras, who was thought to have created them. Mouras is reported to have created a septic tank and constructed a prototype made of concrete and stone that required little or no septic tank treatment or maintenance in order to work as intended by the designer.

When John Mouras uninstalled the unit some years later, he discovered that the tank was practically devoid of any solid organic waste, holding just liquid effluent with a thin floating scum layer, much to the surprise of his neighbors.

Eventually, the application was approved in the year 1881.

In the intervening years, septic systems have become a required house feature.

However, what was immediately apparent was that his technology for the disposal of solid organic household garbage was extremely efficient.

Mouras had accidentally discovered the mechanism that we now refer to as digestation, or the anaerobic digestion process, during his research.

Anaerobic digestion is the term used to describe the slow process that organic solid waste goes through.

It is found in many environments, including the environment where humans live.

Waste water would make its way into our freshwater lakes, streams, rivers, and watersheds if the anaerobic digestion process were not in place, bringing disease and pollution.

The introduction of these items has jeopardized the process of anaerobic digestion in the environment.

Solids, fats, oils, and greases are not being broken down at a pace fast enough to prevent them from migrating into the drainage field.

It will take time for the solids to make their way past the septic tank and into the drain field, but they will eventually do so.

This tar-like material with a dark appearance is referred to as (bio-mat).

High bacterial count shock treatments (a standard septic tank treatment technique) are frequently used to successfully treat a failing septic system when the system is failing.

As an alternative to rebuilding the septic tank and drain field, which may cost several thousand dollars, the procedure of bacterial shock therapy is becoming increasingly popular as a low-cost remedy for malfunctioning septic systems.

It is possible that you will experience a short reduction in blockages, sediments, sludge, and scum.

Biological septic tank treatment, on the other hand, will continue to develop and reproduce, resulting in an environment that is conducive to healthy septic system operation.

In some cases, yeast can induce foaming and excessive activity, which might result in the coagulation of fats.

Other septic chemical additions, such as those used to destroy tree roots or clear blocked leach field soils, have the potential to pollute the surrounding ecosystem.

Keep an eye on what goes down the sink.

We’ve compiled a short list of topics below that will provide you with some insight into the (Do’s and Don’ts) of septic system maintenance.

Install water-saving toilets with low flow rates.

Check to ensure that no floor or roof drains are linked to the sewage system before proceeding.

Make use of water-saving washers and alternate the length of time between washings.

Never dispose of toxic trash or hazardous substances, such as paint, home cleaners, or oils, in a regular garbage can.

Never flush plastic, cloth, or other superfluous paper items down the toilet or into the septic tank.

These products will destroy the living bacteria that are necessary for the digestion of the septic system.

Disposal systems should be avoided since they will speed the buildup of solids in the system, leading to blockages and other problems.

Use a powerful septic tank treatment that is capable of breaking down sludge while also combating today’s typical home detergents to keep your system in good working order.

When it comes to unclogging a septic system, the most popular, practical, and proven way is to shock the system with a high count bacteria product, followed up with a monthly bacterial maintenance program.

By implementing a monthly maintenance regimen, you will be able to avoid costly repairs and excessive pump outs both now and in the future. Bradley Skierkowski contributed to this article.