- The term of the permit is the calendar year and the Application for Annual Commercial/Industrial On-Site Sewage System Operation Permit must be completed and a fee paid. All permits are renewed at the beginning of the year, and a fee is charged, depending upon the size and type of operations discharging to the on-site system.
What is a commercial septic system?
A commercial septic system or commercial sewage treatment plant is generally needed where there is no public main sewer available for a development. In situations like this, a commercial septic system is the only method of treating the sewage and wastewater generated on-site.
How often should a commercial septic tank be pumped?
While there are some general guidelines that a septic system needs to be pumped every 2-5 years, the truth is that you really need to pump your system as often as your system needs. The biggest factor in how often a septic tank should be pumped is the sludge and scum levels inside the tank.
Can you make money pumping septic tanks?
Pumping of septic tanks and restaurant grease traps now makes up about 25 percent of his sales. “The profit margin on a pumpout isn’t real good, but it pays off if you can keep busy,” he says. “Pumping is probably not going to produce a great deal of income if you’re just pumping residential,” says Hobbs.
How do you calculate the size of a septic tank for a commercial building?
How to calculate the size of septic tank you need. C = 2000 litres + 180P. C = 2000 litres + 180 × 4 = 2720 litres, For 4 users, minimum size of septic tank could be 2.2m × 1.0m × 1.30m (7.2ft × 3.3ft × 4.25ft) in respect to their Length, breadth and depth.
How do you size a commercial septic tank?
at SEPTIC TANK SIZE. Septic tank volume for a conventional tank and onsite effluent disposal system (such as a drainfield) is estimated at a minimum of 1000 gallons or 1.5 x average total daily wastewater flow.
How much does it cost to pump a 1000 gallon septic tank?
The typical costs for septic pumping are as follows: National average cost for a septic tank pump out: $295-$610. Up to 750-gallon tank: $175-$300. Up to 1,000-gallon tank: $225 -$400.
How much does it cost to pump a septic tank?
How much does it cost to pump out a septic tank? The average cost is $300, but can run up to $500, depending on your location. The tank should be pumped out every three to five years.
How often does a 1000 gallon septic tank need to be pumped?
For example, a 1,000 gallon septic tank, which is used by two people, should be pumped every 5.9 years. If there are eight people using a 1,000-gallon septic tank, it should be pumped every year.
How long does a septic permit last in NC?
New Construction An Authorization for Wastewater System Construction Permit (New Septic Permit) allows construction of a septic system. It’s required before a building permit can be issued, and is valid for five years after the date issued.
How long is a septic permit good for NC?
How long is a perc test valid? If a septic permit has been issued, the permit is good for 5 years.
Can I install my own septic system in NC?
QUESTION: Is a homeowner allowed to install his or her own system? ANSWER: A homeowner may install the system for a property that will used as his or her primary residence as long as the system is gravity fed, pipe and gravel system and is limited to two systems within a five year period.
How does a septic tank pump truck work?
Septic pumping trucks are specialized vehicles which combine a powerful vacuum pump with a holding tank for sewage and wastewater. The vacuum pump is activated, suction confirmed, the pumper is connected to a 4″ or larger vacuum line, and the operator uses the line to empty the septic tank.
What is a septic truck?
A septic pumper truck, is a vacuum truck which removes septage wastes from septic tanks, cesspools, and chemical toilets (portable toilets), for disposal at an approved septage disposal location.
Licensing & Permits for Sewage Treatment/Septic Systems
Hamilton County Public Health is responsible for the approval of plans, the issuance of permits, and the performance of inspections for all residential sewage treatment systems and small flow onsite sewage treatment systems that are situated within the jurisdiction of the county (all of Hamilton County excluding cities of Cincinnati, Norwood, and Springdale). The Environmental Health Specialists at the Health District are available to assist you whether you have an existing system, need to replace a failing system, want to expand on to your property, or are building a new house or business that will not be linked to a sanitary sewer system.
If you are purchasing a home and want to ensure that the septic system is in perfect functioning order, please see this page for information on Real Estate Transfers.
Select the option that best describes your situation:
To find out the current status of your application or permit, click here. The installation of an on-site wastewater treatment system is required when building a house or company that will not be linked to the sanitary/public sewer system (septic system). Environmental Health Specialists from the Health District examine all new subdivision plans as well as individual plots that are unable to connect to sanitary sewage systems. Specialists in environmental health examine the soil and topography of the plot and provide advice on the sort of system that should be placed on the property.
In the last several decades, sewage treatment system technology has advanced significantly, and Hamilton County Public Health maintains a globally renowned inspection program for sewage treatment systems.
The following information should be of use to you as you proceed through the process of planning and implementing a new sewage treatment system.
Requirements for design of a septic system
Hire a residential sewage treatment system designer who is knowledgeable with the regulations of the State of Ohio as well as any extra requirements imposed by this office, says Hamilton County Public Health (HCPH). This office has compiled a list of designers of domestic sewage treatment systems who have come to their attention.
- Clearcreek Environmental can be reached at 800-299-4257
- StreamKey, Inc. can be reached at 513-792-9225
- Evans Engineering can be reached at 513-321-2168
- Area Wide SepticService can be reached at 937-453-2656
- SCS Engineers can be reached at 513-421-5353
My current septic system must be replaced.
In Hamilton County, there are two alternatives for the treatment of domestic wastewater: sewers or household sewage treatment systems (septic systems). Septic systems clean wastewater from your house (dishwasher, showers, toilets, washing machine, sinks, and so on) via soil absorption, aeration, and septic tanks, among other methods of treatment. Hamilton County Public Health inspects septic systems in the county to ensure that they are in proper functioning order and that they are not causing a public health hazard to the public.
It is the responsibility of the Metropolitan Sewage District (MSD) to manage and operate the county’s sanitary sewer system, which handles all wastewater generated within Hamilton County.
Property Owner Requirements
Homes within a specific distance of a sanitary sewage system are required to connect to the system, regardless of whether or not the residence has a fully operating septic system, according to Ohio law and Hamilton County Policies and Standards (PCS). A letter from the Health District outlining the procedures you need to take and the time frame in which you must complete them will be delivered to your home if you are needed to connect to a sanitary sewer system. In the majority of circumstances, these stages are as follows:
- Obtain a sewage tap permit from the Metropolitan Sewerage District. MSD may be reached at (513) 244-1330. In order to decommission your present domestic sewage treatment system, you must get an abandonment permit. Call the Plumbing Division of the Health District at (513) 946-7854 for further information. Have the sewer system in your house or building immediately linked to the sanitary sewer system that is accessible on your land
Property Owner Costs
The Hamilton County Commissioners pay the building of municipal sewers by levying a “assessment” on the properties that will be served by the sewers. The amount of a construction assessment is determined by the actual building expenses of the sewage system. The following building expenditures will be incurred by the property owner:
- Local sewer construction assessment
- Charges for connecting to the sewage system by a plumber
- Charges for filling and sealing an onsite septic system There is a tap-in cost as well as numerous permission expenses.
Financial Assistance
Estimate for local sewer construction; charges for connecting to the sewage system by a plumber; expenses for filling and shutting an on-site septic system; Permit costs, including a tap-in charge and others;
- Assessment Assistance– The Hamilton County Board of County Commissioners has made it a policy to encourage the use of public sewers and to assist in the funding of sewage upgrades in the county. Special assessments will be imposed on properties that will reap the benefits of public sewage rehabilitation projects. The Metropolitan Sewer District is responsible for funding the real expenses of the local public sewer project, which total more than $12,000 per benefiting property. Additionally, property owners have the option of paying the assessment (plus finance costs) over a 20-year period if they so want. For further information, please see the website. Awards for Water and Sewer Connection Fees– The Hamilton County Planning and Development Water and Sewer Grant Program gives one-time grants of up to $6,500 to property owners who meet certain income requirements. Residents of Hamilton County, who live outside the city limits of Cincinnati, are the only ones who are qualified. It is only when connecting to public sewers that the loan or grant is applied toward the assessment fees, and not toward the sewer tapping charges. Prior to beginning construction, the homeowner must be authorized for the grant. For further information, please contact us at 513-946-8230.
I am repairing or altering my current sewage treatment system
If your system requires repairs or modifications in order to function correctly again, you may be required to get a permit before you can begin work. To find out more, call the Water Quality team at (513) 946-7863 for additional information about your options. The following are examples of situations in which you will require a septic system modification permit. There may be other scenarios that arise.
- A permit may be required before you can begin work on your system if it requires repairs or adjustments in order for it to function correctly again. To find out more, call the Water Quality team at (513) 946-7863 for additional information about the process. The following are examples of situations in which you will require a septic system modification permit: There might be other scenarios.
Additional Resources
- A Homeowner’s Guide to Septic Systems
- Septic System Additions
- Application to Construct or Replace a Household Sewage Treatment System
- And Septic System Maintenance. The application for a sewage treatment system (also known as a gray water recycling system) and a permit to install or modify the system
- A request for an STS or GWRS review of a proposed property improvement or modification
- A Fact Sheet is a document that contains information on a topic. How Property Owners Can Document Sewage Treatment System Operation, Monitoring, and Maintenance in the Absence of a Health Department Inspection
- Find an STS Service Provider or a Hauler in your area. Septic System Replacement and Sewer Connections are eligible for financial assistance. Hamilton County Policies and Standards pertaining to OAC 3701-29
- The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency’s Semi-Public Sewage Treatment System Inspection Program
- And more. The STS and GWRS have established Operation and Maintenance Program Standards. Inquire about an inspection
- Resources for Septic Smart Homeowners from the Environmental Protection Agency
- Plan for the management of the sewer treatment system (STS)
- Change Request from OAC 3701-29
- Water Quality PWS Fee Schedule
- Water Quality STS Fee Schedule
- Variance Request from OAC 3701-29
Permits, Licenses and Reports
If you pick an accelerated alternative, please tell the office with your selection of options as soon as possible. Fee for application: $150
- Step 1: Read and completely complete the Onsite Wastewater System Applicationand send it to your local Environmental Affairs Office. Step 2: An original plat or deed of the land will also be required to be submitted. If you do not have a copy of the plat or deed, you may learn more about how to get one by clicking here. The office will contact you as soon as your application has been received to confirm receipt of your application and to discuss electronic payment alternatives with you. We do not take cash as a form of payment. Please see this sample application, Onsite Wastewater System Application, for a reference guide on how to complete the application. Step 2: Your application will be examined to ensure that all required material has been submitted and is in order. If everything is in order, your application fee will be accepted
- Otherwise, it will be rejected. Step 3:If a site visit is necessary, the inspector will assess the appropriateness of the property for the installation of a septic system. If the inspector finds that your site is suitable for a typical septic system, he or she will give you with a Permit to Construct document. The inspector will discuss possible solutions with you if the permit is not approved by the inspection team. A request for test pits may be made by the Department in circumstances where the evaluator meets a barrier during the first site evaluation or in cases where it is recognized that an area would require test pits owing to the soil characteristics of the region. The midlands and upstate parts of the state are the most typical locations where soil characteristics necessitate the use of test pits. It is important to note that test pits may not be an option in coastal and sandy locations around the state. Consult with your local office staff for more detailed information on your individual situation. As soon as you have received your Permit to Construct, you should call a professional onsite wastewater system contractor to complete the installation of your septic tank. In Step 5, the installer must call DHEC in order to schedule a time for the septic system to be inspected before it is covered, before completing the septic system installation. After waiting 30 minutes over the scheduled time for a DHEC inspector, a licensed installer has the option to conduct a self-inspection of the installation to ensure that everything is in working order. The installation is required to provide documentation to the Department on the DHEC-approved formD-3978, Contractor Approval to Operate
Step 1: Read and completely complete theOnsite Wastewater System Application and submit it to your local Environmental Affairs Office. Step 2: An original plat or deed for the property will also be required to be included with the application. The plat or deed may be obtained by clicking here for additional information on how to receive a copy of the document. As soon as your application is received, a member of the office staff will contact you to confirm receipt of your application and to discuss electronic payment alternatives.
- Please see this sample application, Onsite Wastewater System Application, for a reference guide on how to complete the application form.
- Step 2: It is possible that your application fee will be approved if everything is in order.
- Obtaining a Permit to Construct will be issued to you if the inspector finds that your site is suitable for installation of a typical septic system.
- A request for test pits may be made by the Department in circumstances where the evaluator meets an impediment during the first site evaluation or in cases where it is recognized that an area would require test pits owing to the soil characteristics of the site.
- Keep in mind that test pits may not be a possibility in coastal and sandy sections of California.
- As soon as you have received your Permit to Construct, you should call a professional onsite wastewater system contractor to complete the installation of your septic system.
- If a DHEC inspector does not come within 30 minutes of the specified time, a licensed installer has the option to conduct a self-inspection of the installation in lieu of waiting for the inspector.
A copy of the required documentation must be submitted to the Department using the DHEC-approved formD-3978, Contractor Approval to Operate.
- Regulation 61-56, Onsite Wastewater Systems
- Regulation 61-55, Septic Tank Site Evaluation Fees
- And Regulation 61-56, Onsite Wastewater Systems
Onsite wastewater systems are governed by Regulation 61-56, while septic tank site evaluation fees are governed by Regulation 61-55.
Application Form
Complete the application for a License to Construct or Clean Onsite Wastewater Systems and Self-Contained Toilets by downloading and completing the form. Please contact your local Department of Health and Human Services Environmental Affairs office to make preparations for testing if you are interested in becoming a septic system installation.
License Fees
The following costs are required for onsite wastewater system installations, pumpers/haulers, and pumpers/haulers are required for yearly renewal:
- Licensing fees for construction are $100, cleaning fees are $100, and a combined construction and cleaning fee is $150
- A Master Contractor license is $200.
You must pay these costs on an annual basis in order to keep your license active. An additional late fee will be levied if we do not receive payment by the due date on your invoice. Unless you pay your renewal costs and late fees within 90 days of the due date for your license to operate on septic systems or truck sewage, your license to do so will automatically expire.
Installer and Master Contractor Exams
In order to be approved to construct work with septic systems and/or wastewater disposal, as well as for a Master Contractor license, you must first pass an exam that assesses your knowledge of Regulation 61-56, which is available online. To pass, you must have an 80 percent or higher score. If you do not pass this test on the first try, you can repeat it within 30 days of failing. If you fail the test a second time, you can repeat it after 60 days if you have not passed the first time. You will not be required to repeat the exam once you have been granted a license, provided that you continue to pay the yearly license renewal costs and submit all required paperwork.
Other License Requirements
- Inspection of Vehicles: The Department of Health and Human Services has the authority to examine any vehicles used to pump and convey sewage. You must keep your vehicle inventory list up to current and on file with the Department of Health and Human Services
- List of Disposal Facilities Is Required : This includes a list of sewage disposal facilities that you intend to use, together with documented approval from the facilities themselves. It is necessary to keep a record of your activities: You must keep a log (record) of each pumping and disposal load that is transported by each truck. You must make this record of actions accessible to the Department of Health and Human Services upon request.
The following regulations permit the issuance of septic system contractor licenses:
- Regulation 61-56, Onsite Wastewater Systems
- Regulation 61-56.1, Permit to Construct or Clean Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems and Self-Contained Toilets
- And Regulation 61-56, Onsite Wastewater Systems Licensing of Onsite Wastewater Systems Master Contractors (Regulation 61-56.2)
Tags
Septic Tank Alerts Septic Tank Alerts
EMD Fees
| ProgramElement | Description- Environmental Health Permit Fees | Approved Fee |
| 1508 | Hourly Rate / General Investigation Fee | $171.40 |
| 1510 | Annual Body Art Permit | $257.00 |
| 1511 | Seasonal Food Facility (Closed for one quarter) | $411.00 |
| 1512 | Event Coordinator – Temporary/Occasional Event | $171.00 |
| 1513 | Temporary Foods Pre-packaged (w/ limited food sampling/dispensing) – Single Event | $86.00 |
| 1515 | Body Art Annual Practitioner Registration | $86.00 |
| 1516 | One Time Ear Piercing Facility Notification – One time registration fee | $51.00 |
| 1518 | Event Coordinator – Temporary/Occasional Eventwithin 14 days of event | $223.00 |
| 1519 | Temporary Foods – Limited Food Preparation (low risk) – Annual Permit | $171.00 |
| 1520 | Temporary Foods – Open Food Preparation (high risk) – Annual Permit | $343.00 |
| 1521 | Temporary Foods – Open Food Preparation – Single Event | $171.00 |
| 1540 | River Rafting/Food | $394.00 |
| 1601 | Food Facility Consultation Hourly Rate | $171.40 |
| 1602 | Food Facility Non-compliance Re-inspection | $171.40 |
| 1603 | Pool/Spa Non-compliance Re-inspection | $171.40 |
| 1607 | Farmers’ Market/Agricultural Stand | $171.00 |
| 1611 | Market/Retail2000 sq.ft. | $514.00 |
| 1612 | Market/Retail2000 sq.ft. | $600.00 |
| 1613 | Market/Retail – Pre-packaged Only | $309.00 |
| 1614 | Market +1 (Meat, Deli, Bakery, Restaurant) | $737.00 |
| 1615 | Market +4 or More (Meat, Deli, Bakery, Restaurant) | $1,251.00 |
| 1616 | Market +2 (Meat, Deli, Bakery, Restaurant) | $908.00 |
| 1617 | Market +3 (Meat, Deli, Bakery, Restaurant) | $1,080.00 |
| 1620 | Bar | $326.00 |
| 1621 | Restaurant – Bar | $771.00 |
| 1622 | Restaurant650 sq.ft. | $600.00 |
| 1623 | Restaurant650 sq.ft. | $771.00 |
| 1625 | Winery – Commercial Kitchen | $394.00 |
| 1626 | Winery – Seasonal | $343.00 |
| 1627 | Winery – Pre-packaged Food | $171.00 |
| 1630 | Cottage Food Operation Class “A” | $86.00 |
| 1631 | Cottage Food Operation Class “B” | $326.00 |
| 1632 | Schools/Public Agencies (food facility) | $566.00 |
| 1633 | Mobile Food/Roadside | $309.00 |
| 1634 | Satellite Food Service (SFS) | $343.00 |
| 1635 | Mobile Food / Pre-packaged | $171.00 |
| 1640 | Catering Operations | $343.00 |
| 1642 | Catering Operation Add-On for Permitted Food Facilities | $171.00 |
| 1643 | Temporary Food Facility Add-On for Permitted Food Facilities | $171.00 |
| 1650 | Bakery | $531.00 |
| 1680 | Commissary | $377.00 |
| 1681 | BedBreakfast (food facility) | $394.00 |
| 1682 | Continental Breakfast (Limited Food Service Facility) | $171.00 |
| 1683 | Host Facility | $171.00 |
| 1690 | Organized Camps (Fee in addition to fees collected for other permits) | $497.00 |
| 3611 | Swimming Pool | $514.00 |
| 3612 | Spa | $343.00 |
| 3615 | Wading Pool | $274.00 |
| Program Element | Description – Plan Check Fees – New Construction | Approved Fee |
| 1710 | Plan Check; Other (per hour) – Construction Inspections, etc. | $171.00 min, then T M |
| 1517 | One Time Plan Check for Body Art New Facilities | $343.00 |
| 1750 | Plan Check: Swimming Pool | $1,028.00 |
| 1752 | Plan Check: Spa | $1,028.00 |
| 1760 | Plan Check: Bar | $686.00 |
| 1761 | Plan Check: Restaurant and Bar | $1,028.00 |
| 1762 | Plan Check: Restaurant650 sq. ft. | $857.00 |
| 1763 | Plan Check: Restaurant650 sq. ft. | $1,028.00 |
| 1770 | Plan Check: Bakery | $857.00 |
| 1771 | Plan Check: Market/Retail2000 sq. ft. | $686.00 |
| 1772 | Plan Check: Market/Retail2000 sq. ft. | $857.00 |
| 1773 | Plan Check: Market/Retail – Pre-packaged Only | $171.00 |
| 1774 | Plan Check: Market +1 | $1.028.00 |
| 1775 | Plan Check: Market +4 | $1,543.00 |
| 1776 | Plan Check: Market +2 | $1,200.00 |
| 1777 | Plan Check: Market +3 | $1,371.00 |
| 1779 | Plan Check: Schools/Public Agencies (Food Facility) | $857.00 |
| 1780 | Plan Check: Catering Operations | $343.00 |
| 1781 | Plan Check: Mobile Food / Roadside/ Satellite Food Service | $343.00 |
| 1782 | Plan Check: BedBreakfast (food facility) | $514.00 |
| Program Element | Description- Other Related Fees Based Upon NeedActual Costs | Approved Fee |
| 1711 | Plan Check Remodel (per hour) | $171.00 |
| 2623 | Lot Line Modification | $257.00 |
| Program Element | Description – Food Handler Classes | Approved Fee |
| 1900 | General Food Handler Education | $220.00 |
| 1901 | Food Handler Reschedule Fee | $43.00 |
| 1902 | Food Handler Educationand Test Only | $163.00 |
| 1903 | Food Handler Education – Test Only (no book) | $69.00 |
| 1904 | Food Handler Education – Class Only (no book or test) | $94.00 |
| 1905 | Food Handler Education – Book Only (no test) | $57.00 |
| 1906 | Food Handler Education – Book and Test (no class) | $126.00 |
| 1907 | Food Safety Re-Certification | $95.00 |
| 1908 | Certification – Re-test | $69.00 |
| 1909 | Food Safety Training (per hour) | $171.00 |
| Program Element | Description – Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Fees | Approved Fee |
| 2011 | CUPA – Small Quantity HW Gen.55 gallons stored – Annual Registration Fee | $257.00 |
| 2109 | CUPA – Business Plans / Small Businesses (55-1,999 gallons hazardous materials stored)Annual Registration Fee | $257.00 |
| 2110 | CUPA – Business Plans / Large Businesses (1,999 gallons hazardous materials stored)Annual Registration Fee | $343.00 |
| 2112 | CUPA – Hazmat -Annual State Surcharge – (Fee set by State) * New rate of $84 is effective 60 days after 7/1/21 | $49.00*$84.00 |
| 2113 | CUPA – CALARP – Annual State Surcharge (Fee set by State) | $270.00 |
| 2118 | CUPA – UGST – Environmental Assessment Review / File Search (per hour) | $171.00 min, then T M |
| 2301 | CUPA – USGT – State Surcharge (Fee set by State – per tank/product) | $20.00 |
| 2305 | CUPA – UGST – Interior Lining Installation Permit (per tank) | $343.00 min, then T M |
| 2311 | CUPA – UGST – Annual Permit to Operate (per tank/compartment – this covers split tanks) | $548.00 min, then T M |
| 2315 | CUPA – UGST – New Tank InstallationReplacement (per tank/compartment – this covers split tanks) | $514.00 min, then T M |
| 2347 | CUPA – UGST – Repair / Remodel / Upgrade -Major (per tank/product – this covers split tanks)See Decision Matrix | $600.00 min,then T M |
| 2348 | CUPA – UGST – Remediation, Site Assessment, Permit | $514.00 |
| 2349 | Above Ground Petroleum Storage TanksLess than 10,000 | $120.00 |
| 2350 | Above Ground Petroleum Storage Tanks 10,000 – 100,000 | $257.00 |
| 2351 | Above Ground Petroleum Storage Tanks 100,001 – 1,000,000 | $514.00 |
| APSA | APSA Surcharge | $26.00 |
| 2390 | CUPA – UGST – Permanent Close / Abandon/ Remove Permit (per tank) | $514.00 |
| 2393 | CUPA – UGST – Temporary Closure (per tank) Two year maximum | $343.00 |
| 2399 | CUPA – Other – USGT Sites Repair / Remodel/ Upgrade – Minor (per site)See Decision Matrix | $343.00 |
| 4350 | Monitoring / Cathodic Prot. Well Installation | $343.00 min, then T M |
| 4355 | Monitoring / Cathodic Prot. Well Destruction | $343.00 min, thenT M |
| Program Element | Description – Medical Waste Fees | Approved Fee |
| 2237 | Med Waste – Nursing Facility 1-99 | $429.00 |
| 2238 | Med Waste – Nursing Facility 100-199 | $514.00 |
| 2239 | Med Waste – Nursing Facility 200 or more | $600.00 |
| 2240 | Med Waste – Sm. Qty. without Onsite/Initial Filing Fee | $86.00 |
| 2241 | Med Waste – Acute Care Hospital | $514.00 |
| 2242 | Med Waste – Specialty Clinics | $343.00 |
| 2243 | Med Waste – Sm. Qty with Onsite | $171.00 |
| 2261 | Med Waste – Primary Care | $514.00 |
| 2265 | Med Waste – Medical / Dental / Veterinary Offices | $343.00 |
| 2266 | Med Waste – Storage Fac./2-10 Generators | $171.00 |
| 2267 | Med Waste – Storage Fac. / 11-49 Generators | $343.00 |
| 2268 | Med Waste – Storage Fac. / 50 or more Generators | $686.00 |
| 2269 | Med Waste – Transfer Station | $686.00 |
| Program Element | Description – Solid Waste Monitoring | Approved Fee |
| 2114 | Site Assessment for Solid Waste / Geotech / Seismic Permit (per parcel) | $343.00 per parcel |
| 2115 | Site Assessment for Solid Waste / Geotech / Seismic Staff Time (per hour) | $171.40 |
| 2116 | Site Assessment for Solid Waste / Geotech / Seismic File Review or Search (per hour) | $171.40 |
| 4350 | Monitoring Well /Cathodic Protection Well Installation | $343.00 min., then T M |
| 4351 | MonitoringWell /Cathodic Protection WellDestruction | $171.00 min., then T M |
| Program Element | Description – Domestic Drinking Water Wells | Approved Fee |
| 4320 | New Well Construction Permit (individual or irrigation well) | $514.00 |
| 4321 | Well Deepen/Modify/Repair/Re-Construct Permits | $86.00 |
| 4322 | Well Destruction Permit | $257.00 |
| 4370 | Penalty for Drilling Without Permit | $514.00 |
| 4371 | Penalty for Abandon/Destruction Without Permit | $257.00 |
| 4372 | Well Re-Inspection Fee (per hour) | $171.40 |
| 4373 | Geothermal Well – Heat Exchange Well | $343.00 min., then T M |
| 4670 | Well Permit – Public | $686.00 min., then T M |
| 4671 | Permit Extension | $86.00 |
| 4672 | Change of Driller | $86.00 |
| 4673 | Permit Revision | $86.00 |
| Program Element | Description – Real Estate Loan Health Clearance Inspection | Approved Fee |
| 4212 | Loan Certification – Septic Only | $257.00 |
| 4213 | Loan Certification – Water Only (Does Not Include Lab Fees) | $257.00 |
| 4215 | Loan Certification – Both Septic and Water (Does Not Include Lab Fees) | $343.00 |
| 4208 | Water Sample Hourly Rate | $171.40 |
| Program Element | Description – Individual Sewage Disposal Systems | Approved Fee |
| 4216 | Septic System – Commercial | $1,114.00 |
| 4217 | Septic System – Commercial Addition | $514.00 |
| 4219 | Septic System – Repair Permit | $257.00 |
| 4220 | Septic System – Re-inspection | $257.00 min., then T M |
| 4224 | Septic System – Addition Permit | $429.00 |
| 4225 | Septic System – Abandoned Permit | $257.00 |
| 4226 | Septic System – New / Single Family | $857.00 |
| 4227 | Septic System – Misc. Review (decks, pools, garages, sheds, barns, storage, etc.) | $86.00 |
| 4228 | Septic System – Commercial Repair | $514.00 |
| 4231 | Septic System – Revision to Permit Application | $86.00 |
| 4233 | Test Trench Feasibility Inspection | $257.00 min., then T M |
| 4235 | Penalty for Septic System Installation Without a Permit | $857.00 |
| 4236 | Septic System Experimental / Alternative Permit | $848.00 |
| 4237 | Septic Annual Operating Permit – Monitoring | $257.00 |
| 4244 | Septic Vehicles (per vehicle) | $257.00 |
| | Septage Disposal Fee (Registered Haulers Only) | $0.01176/lbs. |
| Program Element | Description – Small Public Water Systems | Approved Fee |
| 4610 | Water System Enforcement Cost Per Hour | $171.40 |
| 4622 | Small Community Water System (Base Charge) | $686.00 min., then T M |
| 4624 | Food Facility Water System – Operating Permit | $257.00 min., then T M |
| 4632 | New Non-Community Small Water System Application Fee | $429.00 |
| 4633 | Non-Community Water System (Transient) | $514.00 min., then T M |
| 4634 | Non-Community Water System (Non-Transient) | $686.00 min., then T M |
| 4638 | New Community Water System Application Fee | $617.00 |
| 4639 | Water System Ownership Change | $189.00 |
| 4644 | State Small Water System(Base Charge) | $257.00 min., then T M |
| Program Element | Description – Land Use Fees | Approved Fee |
| 2614 | Conditional Use Permit Review | $283.00 |
| 2663 | Variance Application | $286.00 |
| 2615 | Parcel Maps (Residential/Commercial) | $283.00 min., then T M |
| 2616 | Parcel Map Revisions | $171.00 |
| 2608 | Review of Tentative Maps of Subdivisions on Septic Systems- 0 to 99 lots | $566.00 |
| 2609 | Review of Tentative Maps of Subdivisions on Septic Systems- 100 or more lots | $660.00 |
| 2611 | Review of Tentative Maps of Subdivisions on Public Services (Sewer and Water) | $171.00 |
| 2617 | Review of Subdivision Maps – Preliminary | $171.00 |
| 2623 | Lot Line Adjustment | $257.00 |
| 2688 | General Plan Map Amendment | $343.00 |
| 2692 | Review of a Planned Development Plan | $171.00 |
| 2668 | Certificate of Compliance Review – Hearing | $257.00 |
| 2669 | Design Review – Major | $343.00 |
| 2680 | Environmental Impact Report – Notice of Preparation | $171.00 |
| 2671 | Pre-Application Meetings | $86.00 |
| 2672 | Administrative Permit / Site Plan Review | $171.00 |
| 2673 | Design Review – Minor | $171.00 |
| 2675 | Zoning Change | $171.00 |
| 2676 | Zoning, Minor Wireless Communications Facility (Antenna) | $171.00 |
| 2688 | General Plan Map Amendment | $343.00 |
Environmental Health Fees
| Swimming Pool – Siting Approval | $80.00 |
| Authorization to Reconnect in a MHP (per lot) | $50.00 |
| Replacement of Home Approval – No Changes in Flow | $50.00 |
| Foundation Addition Approval | $50.00 |
| Detached Structure Approval | $50.00 |
| Flow Increase/Change in Use (Wastewater) | $150.00 |
| Soil Evaluation for Improvement Permit | $150.00 |
| Authorization to Construct Septic System | $125.00 |
| Soil Evaluation for Improvement Permit for 5 or More Bedrooms Residential or All Business / Commercial | $300.00 |
| Authorization to Construct Septic System for 5 or More Bedrooms Residential or All Business / Commercial | $300.00 |
| Engineered Plan Review | $150.00 |
| Private Well – Construction Permit (Fee will be $400 if the State enacts VOC testing rules per Session Law 2013-122) | $200.00 |
| Private Well – Repair/Replacement (Fee will be $400 if the State enacts VOC testing rules per Session Law 2013-122) | $200.00 |
| Engineered Option Permit for Residential With 4 or Less Bedrooms | $82.50 |
| Engineered Option Permit for Residential With 5 or More Bedrooms or Business / Commercial | $180.00 |
| Licensed Soil Scientist COVID-19 Permit Option with 4 or Less Bedrooms | $82.50 |
| Licensed Soil Scientist COVID-19 Permit Option with 5 or More Bedrooms/Commerical Business | $180.00 |
Septic Systems Overview
Over one-fifth of all American houses rely on individual sites or small community cluster systems (septic systems) to treat their wastewater, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Modest-scale wastewater treatment and disposal systems are used to treat and dispose of relatively small quantities of wastewater, which are often generated by households and businesses in suburban and rural areas that are not served by a major public sewage system. Wastewater from residential plumbing fixtures (toilet, shower, and laundry) is treated using both natural and technical processes in septic systems, with the process often starting with sediments settling in the tank and concluding with wastewater treatment in the soil via a drainfield.
Septic systems are also referred to as:
- On-site wastewater treatment systems, decentralized wastewater treatment systems, cluster systems, package plants, on-lot wastewater treatment systems, individual sewage disposal systems, and private sewage systems are all options.
The many methods of decentralized wastewater treatment, when correctly implemented, may safeguard public health, preserve important water resources, and help a community retain its economic vibrancy while also reducing costs.
The use of these technologies for wastewater treatment, particularly in less densely inhabited areas, is both cost-effective and long-term.
- When correctly implemented, the different methods of decentralized wastewater treatment may safeguard public health, preserve important water resources, and help a community retain its economic vibrancy. The use of these technologies for wastewater treatment, particularly in less heavily inhabited regions, is both cost-effective and long-lasting.
What are the benefits of using septic systems to manage wastewater from small communities?
- Benefits to the general public’s health Decentralized systems, when used properly, limit the danger of disease transmission and human exposure to pathogens, which can occur as a result of contaminated drinking water, surface water, or shellfish beds. -Wastewater treatment reduces contaminants from surface water, recharges groundwater, and refills aquifers, among other advantages. Advantages in terms of economics – Decentralized wastewater systems assist communities in reducing substantial infrastructure and energy expenses associated with collecting and treating wastewater.
Are septic systems more prevalent in some areas of the country?
According to the United States Census Bureau, the distribution and density of septic systems varies greatly by area and state, with a high of around 55 percent in Vermont and a low of approximately 10 percent in California, respectively.
- The New England states have the greatest proportion of households served by septic systems in the country, according to the EPA. Individual systems serve around one-half of all residences in New Hampshire and Maine, according to state statistics. Homes in the southeastern states rely on these systems in greater numbers than one-third of the time. This includes roughly 48 percent of homes in North Carolina and over 40 percent in both Kentucky and South Carolina. Septic systems provide service to more than 60 million people in the United States. The treatment of approximately one-third of all new development is provided by septic or other decentralized treatment systems.
Do septic systems cause health or water quality problems?
In the right circumstances, septic systems may provide excellent wastewater treatment when they are planned, developed, installed, managed, and maintained appropriately. Systems that are sited at densities that exceed the treatment capability of area soils, as well as systems that are poorly planned, installed, operated, or maintained, can, on the other hand, cause issues. The pollution of surface waterways and ground water with disease-causing microorganisms and nitrates is one of the most significant known concerns in recent history.
Disease infections are contaminating critical shellfish beds and swimming beaches in several coastal locations, which is a source of concern.
How are septic systems regulated?
Construction and operation licenses for septic systems are issued by municipal health departments in most states, in accordance with state laws governing public health protection and the abatement of public nuisances, respectively. Because of the potential consequences of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff, several states have included measures for water resource preservation in their septic system rules. In most regulatory programs, the local permitting agency conducts a site evaluation to establish if the soils can offer enough treatment for the pollutants being treated.
When conventional soil-based systems are not feasible, several governments allow for the use of alternate methods.
On-site wastewater treatment systems are subject to regulation.
- Individual on-site systems are governed by state, tribal, and municipal laws
- However, there is no federal regulation. Large capacity septic systems are controlled by the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Act Underground Injection Well program, which sets forth the standards for large capacity septic systems. Systems that discharge pollutants into surface waterways are controlled by the Environmental Protection Agency’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program, which is part of the Clean Water Act. Sludge disposal (also known as biosolids) and household septage disposal are governed by the Environmental Protection Agency’s sewage sludge rule (PDF)(1 page, 107 K,About PDF)(40 CFR Part 503).
- Local governments, tribes, and state governments control individual on-site systems, as do federal, state, and tribal governments. In accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act Underground Injection Well Program, big capacity septic systems are controlled by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA’s Clean Water ActNational Pollutant Discharge Elimination System program regulates systems that discharge pollutants into surface waterways. The EPA’s sewage sludge rule (PDF)(1 page, 107 K,About PDF)(40 CFR Part 503) regulates the disposal of sewage sludge (biosolids) and household septage.
What terms are commonly used when talking about Septic Systems?
The Environmental Protection Agency’s Glossary of Septic System Terminology comprises words typically used in the wastewater treatment sector, as well as meanings for each phrase.
Septage business license requirements
Except as provided by legislation, no business in Wisconsin may participate in septage servicing until the business has been registered with the department and the vehicle(s) and equipment that will be utilized have been approved by the department. Businesses that have been authorized by the agency are issued a business license as well as vehicle stickers. The Wisconsin Administrative CodesChapter NR 114, Wisconsin Administrative CodeandChapter NR 113, Wisconsin Administrative Code must be followed by all businesses in Wisconsin.
Overview
In accordance with Wisconsin Statutes s.13.93 (2m) (b) 7, Chapter NR 113 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code was established to establish standards for the servicing of private sewage systems as well as the disposal of wastewater from these sources while protecting the public health and preventing contamination of the state’s surface and groundwater.
Business contact information
For more information on the septage businesses that are licensed in Wisconsin, please see the following report. This report is updated less regularly than the Septage business lookup report, which is updated daily. A list of non–commercial septage operators who are farmers is provided.
DNR’s Violation Hotline
Through the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources’ Violation Hotline, Wisconsin people can anonymously report suspected wildlife, recreational, and environmental infractions. The hotline can be reached by calling a toll-free number or by texting or emailing the DNR.
Apply
- Before beginning the application procedure, determine who will serve as the Operator–in–Charge (OIC) for the company in question. A Master Operator — Grade L certification is required for businesses that intend to land spread septage
- Businesses that do not intend to land spread septage can designate an operator with either a Master Operator — Grade T or a Master Operator — Grade L certification as the OIC
- It is not required that the business owner be certified, but the business owner must designate a properly certified OIC.
The Septage Operators page contains more information on the prerequisites to become a Master Operator as well as the procedures to be followed in order to nominate an OIC.
Step 2: Complete Form 3400–020: Septage Servicing New Business Application
The Septage Operators page contains more information on the prerequisites to become a Master Operator as well as the processes to follow in order to appoint an OIC.
Step 3: Complete any Vehicle Inspection Report(s) and pay appropriate fees
The cost of obtaining a business license is determined by the number of trucks in the company’s fleet. The current costs are as follows: $50 each Wisconsin car, $100 every out-of-state vehicle, and a $100 groundwater charge for enterprises located within the state. Those conducting business outside of the state will be charged a $100 per car cost as well as a $100 groundwater fee. A copy of the Vehicle Self–inspection Report Form (3400–019), as well as instructions on how to complete it and submit images of the vehicle, may be found on theforms and applications website.
It is mandatory for all automobiles to have a current sticker on the back of the vehicle.
Fees are not prorated or refunded in any way.
Sections NR 113.07, 113.08, and 113.09 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code outline the application of and regulations on the disposal of septage.
Summary
The cost of obtaining a business license is determined by the number of trucks in the company’s fleet of vehicles. The current fees are as follows: $50 per Wisconsin car, $100 each out-of-state vehicle, and a $100 groundwater charge for enterprises located inside the state of Wisconsin, plus applicable taxes. The costs for out-of-state firms are $100 per car, plus a $100 groundwater charge. The Vehicle Self–inspection Report Form (3400–019), as well as instructions on how to fill out the form and submit images of the vehicle, may be found on the forms and applications part of this website.
- It is mandatory for all automobiles to have a current sticker on the back of their vehicle.
- Neither proration nor reimbursement of fees are available.
- NR113.06 (Wisconsin Administrative Code).
- Adm.
For additional information or to ask questions concerning the Land Application Site Request and Septage Storage Facility Permit Application forms, please contact yourregional coordinatorfor the county in which the company will be licensed or operate for further information or questions.
- The application for a business license must include the name of a certified OIC. It is necessary to complete the new business license application, car inspection report form(s), and FEIN collection report form. Send the application and paperwork, as well as a check for the required payments, to the following address:
Wisconsin DNRSeptage Operator Certification Program EAS/7PO Box 7921Madison, WI 53707–7921Wisconsin DNRSeptage Operator Certification Program EAS/7PO Box 7921Madison, WI 53707–7921 Notice: Pursuant to s. 281.48 of the Wisconsin Statutes and ch. NR113 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code, the completion and submission of the Septage Servicing New Business License Application with relevant fees is required. A violation of s. 281.48, Wis. Stats., and chapter NR113, Wisconsin Administrative Code, as well as the failure to properly complete and submit the application with the right fees, while continuing to service septic systems, might result in a monetary penalty.
Vehicles
No of whether or not a current truck sticker was connected to the vehicle when it was purchased, the firm that owns or utilizes the vehicle must register it with the department before it may be utilized to move septage. Before transporting, vehicles must be examined and registered by the company that owns or leases the vehicle in question. Vehicular inspection reports (Form 3400–019), which may be obtained on the forms and applications website, should be used to register motor vehicles. The Vehicle Inspection Report details the documentation that must be kept in the vehicle, as well as the labeling requirements and the storage and cleaning facilities that must be available to keep the vehicle.
The Vehicle Application Fact Sheetprovides an overview of the requirements.
The sticker must be attached to the vehicle in order to demonstrate to law enforcement that the vehicle has been certified for operation on the road.
Brand new vehicles
Vehicles may not be registered until the inspection list has been completed and the business license number has been permanently affixed to the sides of the truck or tank.
Previously–owned septage vehicles
Vehicles may not be registered until the inspection list has been completed and the business license number of the prior owner has been replaced with the business license number of the new owner, whichever comes first.
Selling a septage vehicle
A septage vehicle should have its business license number removed from the sides of it before it is transferred to a new owner, according to industry standards.
Renting a septage vehicle
When renting a septage vehicle to a septage business, ensure that the vehicle is inspected and registered by the firm that will be utilizing it. The number of the business license must be displayed on both sides of the vehicle.
Vehicles used by multiple businesses
A vehicle that is utilized by many businesses under the ownership of a single individual or by multiple individuals must be registered under each business license, and each business license number must be displayed on the sides of the vehicle. The registration cost must be paid by both firms.
Replacement stickers
Exceptional circumstances may necessitate the requirement for a replacement sticker for an approved vehicle for the same license term (i.e., a sticker with the same color and expiration date). Businesses may request a replacement sticker through email or postal mail. Please provide the following information about what happened to the prior sticker and which vehicle requires a replacement sticker: Wisconsin DNRSeptage Operator Certification Program EAS/7PO Box 7921Madison, WI 53707–7921Wisconsin DNRSeptage Operator Certification Program EAS/7PO Box 7921Madison, WI 53707–7921
Dispose and Report
Vehicle operators and individuals are prohibited from disposing or recycling septage unless they do so in compliance with NRS 113 or under the approval of the local government. Generally speaking, there are two primary types of disposal: disposal to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) and land application. Both methods of disposal must be documented and submitted to the Department of Natural Resources. Annual reports must be submitted to the department by the 31st of January of every year.
Disposal methods
Portable Restroom Service Log »Septage: Portable Restroom Service Log (Form 3400-226)
Disposal to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW)
The disposal of waste at a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) and the application for authorization to release septage are available to licensed firms. Businesses wishing to dispose of their assets during the winter months must submit their applications before September 1. » Service and disposal logs for WPDES-permitted facilities are included in the septage (Form 3400-228)
Land application disposal
Each firm that intends to dispose of septage by land application must submit a Land Application Site Request Form (Form 3400–053), which may be found on the forms and applications website, to the relevant regional coordinator at least seven days before the application is to be made. » Log of Land Application and Servicing for the Month of September (Form 3400-227)
Annual Septage E–Reporting
In accordance with Wisconsin Administrative Code ch. NR 113.11, annual disposal reporting is required. Annual reports must be submitted to the department by the 31st of January of every year. After January 1, 2014, all reporting must be completed using the online reporting system.
E–reporting instructions
NR 113.11 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code requires annual disposal reporting. Annual reports must be submitted to the department by the 31st of January of each year, unless otherwise specified. After January 1, 2014, all reporting must be completed using the online reporting system.
- In accordance with Wisconsin Administrative Code section NR 113.11, annual disposal reporting is required. Annual reports must be submitted to the department by the 31st of January of each year. Since 2014, all reporting must be completed using the online reporting system.
To begin, log on to DNR’s secure eBusiness portal: Switchboard and create an account.
Septage storage
The Department of Natural Resources’ Bureau of Watershed Management must approve any septage storage facility that holds more than 25,000 gallons before it may be built without first getting Department plan and specification permission from the DNR.
For further information, please see the Bureau’s page on plan review procedures for large septage storage facilities for more resources.
Small storage facilities
New or existing septage storage facilities with a capacity of less than 25,000 gallons are permitted with prior approval from the Department of Environmental Protection. To submit an application, complete and submit the Septage Storage Facility Permit Application (Form 3400–137), which may be found on the forms and applications website.
Compliance
Businesses who deal with septage are expected to comply with Wisconsin Administrative Codes NR 114 and NR 113 at all times. The need for three hours of “certified operator” continuing education credits (also known as “compliance” credits) every three years for all Certified Operators and Master Operators is designed to make compliance more convenient for everyone involved. If you want further information, please see the Training and Renewal tabs located under the Septage Operators link.
Business audits
An audit may be conducted on any business at any time. Audits provide companies with a chance to meet with DNR personnel and review the rules that they are expected to follow in order to operate.
Compliance tools
Audits are possible for any and all firms. Audits provide companies with a chance to meet with DNR personnel and review the rules that they are obliged to follow in their operations.
- Audits are possible in any firm. Audits provide companies with a chance to meet with DNR employees and review the rules that they are expected to obey.
Land Application Instruments
- Tools for Land Development
Renewals
All licensed septage firms must renew their licenses by June 30 of every odd-numbered year. The business license and vehicle stickers that are issued to all registered businesses include the expiration date of the business and vehicle licenses and stickers. The Department of Transportation must receive a complete renewal package by June 1. Businesses are needed to have the following in order to renew:
- Passed a business FEIN check with flying colors. This will determine whether or not the business owners are behind on their Wisconsin taxes or child or family support payments required by a court of law. All annual reports from the previous two years have been submitted. The deadline for submitting all annual reports is the 31st of January of each calendar year. Please go to the Dispose/Report page for further details
- The renewal payments have been paid in full, including the $25 late fee that applies if the renewal documents are filed after June 1. There is a groundwater cost of $100, and a vehicle fee of $50 (with an additional $100 for out-of-state corporations). The presence of an Operator–in–Charge who holds a current master operator qualification
Businesses are also required to provide the following information in addition to achieving the aforementioned requirements:
- In addition to a list of personnel who hold certified operator and master operator certificates, a current list of employees who are actively registered with the company as Operators–in–Training is required. The list must contain their certification number and the date on which they began working. Vehicles owned or utilized by the company, with their current registration information
Incomplete renewals cause severe delays in the processing of the renewal. Businesses are awarded a new license and truck stickers for the duration of the new licensing period when their renewal has been finalized. The Operator Certification Program advises that companies turn to the Septage Business Lookup Web page to see whether or not their business has been renewed during peak business renewal season due to the significant volume of work that occurs during this time. It takes many days for the lookup site to be updated before mail can be delivered.
Contacts
Processing times are significantly slowed due to incomplete renewals. Businesses are awarded a new license and truck stickers for the duration of the new licensing period when their renewal application has been finalized. The Operator Certification Program asks that companies consult to the Septage Business Lookup Web page to see whether or not their business has been renewed during peak business renewal season due to the large volume of activity. It takes many days before mail may be delivered to the address on the search site.
| Regional Office | Coordinator Name | Counties of Responsibility |
|---|---|---|
| South Central RegionN7725 WI-28Horicon, WI 53032 | Kassandra [email protected] | Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Grant, Green, Iowa, Jefferson, Lafayette, Richland, Rock, Sauk |
| Southeast Region2300 N Dr Martin Luther King Jr DrMilwaukee WI 53212 | Stephen [email protected]–263–8671 | Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha |
| Northeast Region2984 Shawano AveGreen Bay WI 54313 | Alexis Heim [email protected]–662–5145 | Brown, Calumet, Door, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Marinette, Marquette, Menominee, Oconto, Outagamie, Shawano, Waupaca, Waushara, Winnebago |
| West Central Region473 Griffith AveWisconsin Rapids WI 54494 | Danielle [email protected]–421–7821 | Adams, Buffalo, Chippewa, Clark, Crawford, Dunn, Eau Claire, Jackson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marathon, Monroe, Pepin, Pierce, Portage, St. Croix, Trempealeau, Vernon, Wood |
| Northern Region2501 Golf Course RdAshland WI 54806 | Alison [email protected]–685–0450 | Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Florence, Forest, Iron, Langlade, Lincoln, Oneida, Polk, Price, Rusk, Sawyer, Taylor, Vilas, Washburn |
Operator certification program coordinator
Rachel Angel608–266–[email protected] [email protected]
Section chief, operator certification program
Steve Geis is a writer and entrepreneur who lives in New York City. 608–266–[email protected]
